Constituted 5 August 1917 in the National Army as the 306th Infantry and assigned to the 77th Division
Organized 26 August 1917 at Camp Upton, New York
Demobilized 9 May 1919 at Camp Upton, New York
Reconstituted 24 June 1921 in the Organized Reserves as the 306th Infantry and assigned to the 77th Division (later redesignated as the 77th Infantry Division)
Organized in August 1921 with Headquarters at New York, New York
Ordered into active military service 25 March 1942 and reorganized at Fort Jackson, South Carolina
Inactivated 15 March 1946 in Japan
Activated 17 December 1946 in the Organized Reserves with Headquarters at New York, New York
(Organized Reserves redesignated 25 March 1948 as the Organized Reserve Corps; redesignated 9 July 1952 as the Army Reserve)
Reorganized 1 May 1959 as a parent regiment under the Combat Arms Regimental System to consist of the 1st Battle Group, an element of the 77th Infantry Division
Reorganized 26 March 1963 to consist of the 1st and 2d Battalions, elements of the 77th Infantry Division
1st and 2d Battalions inactivated 30 December 1965 and relieved from assignment to the 77th Infantry Division
306th Infantry withdrawn 17 October 1999 from the Combat Arms Regimental System, redesignated as the 306th Regiment, and reorganized to consist of the 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions, elements of the 87th Division (Training Support); 1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions concurrently allotted to the Regular Army
(1st, 2d, and 3d Battalions relieved 15 December 2007 from assignment to the 87th Division [Training Support])